Man-made contributions to earth.

Chernobyl, Hiroshima, Bhopal gas disaster, the horizon oil spill, hurricane Maria, Florence and Harvey, the great famine, the black death, etc. All very different and unique from one another, located geographically different but have one thing in common: They were man-made. Since the very begging, the race of man walked the earth like it was only made for them; only created to serve their interests.  Since man-kind operated as they were divine, now they face a serious problem; acute problem that may risk extinction of human kind. Climate change is the number one catastrophic event that could put all mankind at risk, and no one seems to care enough about it. “The time is past when humankind thought it could selfishly draw on exhaustible resources. We know now the world is not a commodity, is not a source of revenue” says François Hollande, the previous president of France, on climate change. To some extent, several believe climate change is nothing but a hoax; believe that certain actions are reversable. Regardless of what theories and speculations may be made about climate change, it is in fact a very serious and a huge problem that if not solved; may trigger the beginning of a mass extinction on a catastrophic level that human history has ever seen. 

The greenhouse effect 

For one to understand the devastating events effects of climate change, all facts must be understood. The main question falls on what exactly it is? And not what, but rather who contributes to climate change. In simple terms, climate change is the change of weather pattern that is caused by the alarming rate of increasing levels of carbon dioxide. And what is carbon dioxide made of? Simply by the excessive and extreme use of fossil fuels. In other words, the climate is warming at an alarming rate and no government official, no world leaders or powerful people are doing anything about it. “global warming—the recent rise in the global average temperature near the earth’s surface—is just one aspect of climate change.” (Denchak, 2017). Greenhouse gases, the excessive burning of coal, oil and gas are all number one contributor to climate change which is collectively caused by the numerous companies who are responsible for seventy-one percent of global warming. “Greenhouse gases play an important role in keeping the planet warm enough to inhabit. But the amount of these gases in our atmosphere has skyrocketed in recent decades.” (Denchak, 2017). Saudi Aramco, Chevron, Gazprom and many others are the main companies responsible for the ton release of carbon dioxide, and their accountability? little to none. No reducing, no addressing the issue, no official statements, nothing. A catastrophic event is nearing, one that these companies are hugely responsible for; yet any actions from their part fail to meet the ends. “The leading state-owned polluter is Saudi Aramco, which has produced 4.38% of the global total on its own.” Says Matthew Taylor in an article that reveals the twenty firms behind all the carbon discharges. 

The Deforestation Effect

The clearance or cutting of forests or trees to transform forest land to cities is called deforestation and it is one of the main contributors to climate change. agriculture and substructure are both one of the main reasons why deforestation exists, beside the natural disasters, deforestation is another problem caused by the human race. Unfortunately, it contributes greatly to the warming of our climate. Simply put, Trees absorb carbon dioxide from the air and instead release oxygen, everything must be perfectly balanced in order to operate properly. This is not the case in 2019, carbon dioxide levels are much higher than the oxygen levels; contributed to the fact forests are burning (because of the climate) and the chopping of them. According to the IUCN issues brief, half of the forests worldwide have been destroyed since the sixties and it continues to impact the lives of billions whose livelihoods depend on forests. Forests are extremely important to biodiversity, reliable sources and climate adaptation. What is a world without forests, you may ask? Sudden extreme of carbon dioxide levels in the air, increase of carbon dioxide levels lead to a warmer earth; eventually, if left unsolved, the place becomes unhabitable. “Deforestation affects the global climate both by releasing the carbon stored in the living plants and soils, and by altering the physical properties of the planetary surface.” (Bala, 2007). Just like big companies are greatly responsible for the high levels of carbon dioxide released into the atmosphere, other dozens of big companies are responsible for deforestation. The determining factors of deforestation is the material traders. Traders like Cargill, JBS and Mafrig. They sell the product to retailers like Costco and Walmart. Behind all that? The financers that permit their expansion into the Amazon. HSBC, BNP and BlackRock are merely examples of them. According to the Amazon watch, they do not only enable the destruction of the Amazon and the forests, but they also profit off of it. 

 “It’s a hoax!”

It is usually those are considerably responsible for an issue try to deny it. There are those who believe that the effects of climate change are harmful to a small extent and it’s only natural for the events happening recently to take place; as it’s human evolution. After all, it is believed by some that climate change is simply a conspiracy or a hoax. However, how is it that so many people believe it’s a hoax when so many statistics show the same thing? Simply, it’s conditioning a certain thought or an idea. Endangerment of species, Antarctica melting, sea levels rising and carbon dioxide levels rising in the earth’s atmosphere should all be enough reasons to believe it’s a real and huge problem. According to Samantha Liptak, climate change could be irreversible by 2030, the past twenty-two years have been the warmest and millions of species are at risk. “In 2017, carbon emissions increased globally by 1.7 percent. In 2018, they increased further, up 2.7 percent from the year before. And 2019 is expected to have one of the highest rates of increase on record.” (Liptak, 2019). 

Climate change: Not a theory nor a conspiracy. 

From the facts presented one may conclude that climate change is not a hoax, in fact, it is a very real and a very huge problem.  All statistics and facts point to how destructive climate change can be if not dealt with. In spite of all that, some still believe that the climate warming is not a serious problem to take into consideration. What will it take to grasp the concept that our climate warming is not a scene from a post-apocalyptic novel nor is it a conspiracy theory created to entertain? it is in fact very real and it is here. It’s messed up that the earth is dying and it’s mainly the government and the big corporations’ fault but they got yelling at each other about using straws and “doing our part”. Climate change is here and it’s real, do something before it becomes too late to do anything.  

Maryam Ahmed 

185458

Is it really important? 

Most debates as to whether climate change is real or not have arisen constantly. Mankind faces one of its greatest ever issues. What is the issue? The increase of the average global temperature and resulting changes in the Earth’s climate cycle, commonly known as climate change, is global warming. Many experimental pieces of evidence suggest strengthening of the climate system. The water is growing and the seas become hotter. Longer, more severe droughts endanger plants, fauna and sources of freshwater. The range of life on this planet is compromised by the changing climate, from polar bears in the Antarctic to coral turtles off the coast of Africa.

We have a problem

Even if humans were badly affected, they are also the biggest contributors to the climate change. Increase in the atmosphere mostly occurs in release from fossil fuel burning or removal of gasses such as carbon dioxide and methane. Climate change is not far-reaching, we have a long-term problem in a couple of decades. The irony is that it is happening right now and affects all small and large corporations.  Existing coasts are going to change with the ocean levels growing, for instance, and some territories are being submerged. Cities and businesses will need to relocate to build new homes and buildings and to bid for highly desirable property.

So, it is a hoax! 

There were several situations where researchers have collected data that allow a slight issue to develop into a bigger issue. Another reason that I encountered while analyzing articles on the internet is the situation where leaked emails by a UK scientist seem to demonstrate that the evidence on global climate change has dramatically changed. Regarding this, when presented overall, the information was confirmed not to be exaggerated the suggestion that perhaps the data was incorrect came from seeing several bits of information and not seeing all available data. This could, in my belief, have always been a plan pulled by unbelievers to support their case against climate change.

I Refute 

Climate Change, I believe, should not take part in discussion as to whether the situation is right, and it should not be a science feature of the world and human factors like ethics and morality. I suppose, people’s beliefs are not affecting Earth’s average temperature increase, then why would beliefs be included? An illustration of this can be the statement “all men are created equal.” People choose to believe what they want, and they may not agree that all are equal. The truth is, nevertheless, that everybody on this planet is a human, regardless of their nationality, language, culture and color of the body. The views and reality on climate change should never be intertwined. I suggest that just because the convictions of one individual refute a scientifically proven truth, the belief should not be taken into consideration. CNN also found that a majority of scientists believe that climate change is real, according to several researches conducted in the U.S., in January 2009.

In conclusion

Climate change is a persistent contentious issue and some would like to believe the phenomenon was wrong, but the facts and figures are enough to confirm the reality of climate change. All of us comply to global warming from films and documentaries to statistics to polls. The truth was said and personal beliefs and values should not impact what has been experimentally demonstrated, whether or not criticizers agree. Sure, in certain instances exaggeration was used, but there are way more ample evidences to confirm the fact. However, little conclusive evidence or statistical scientific data are accessible in personal beliefs such as morals and principles.

Nesma Abdelrazek

183668

Most people start listening when it comes to climate change since it could cause major chaos around the world. Climate is the composition of the atmosphere in a country, it is its temperature, moisture, breeze, rains, and many more through hours of the day to weeks. Climate is affected by the seas, land fields, and polar ice caps that shape what has been named the ‘climate system’ along with the ozone. Weather is the numerical explanation of the status of the global climate in its truest sense. Climate change is a shift in the environmental scheme’s numerical characteristics which last for many years or further. It is therefore important to understand the negative impacts of climate change and how it could cause huge trouble globally. 

One main reason and impact of why climate change is real is that there are some pollutants in the climate of the Planet function somewhat like the jug inside a green house, locking the sun’s heat and stopping it all from circulating back to space. Most of these pollutants happen naturally, however man’s influence has been growing, some in the atmosphere, specifically: carbon dioxide (CO2), methane, nitrous oxide and fluorinated gases. Carbon dioxide is the pollutant most widely generated by man’s influence and therefore is accountable for the majority of the human-made climate change, global warming. 

Another problem is global warming. The present average global temperature is 0.85oC greater than it used to be in the late 19th century. After history began saving records in 1850, every decade of the past 30 years has been higher in temperature than any past years. The world’s top climate change scientists believe that the primary reason of the global warming detected since the mid-20th century is most certainly caused by humans. Researchers are seeing a rise of 2 ° C now than before the-industrial atmospheric pressure as the limit outside of which there was a highly increased risk of potentially dangerous fatal changes occurring throughout the global climate. The security council has identified a need to maintain temperatures under 2 ° C due to this cause.

Denial of climate change is a conflict between reality and principles in its core. Some people refuse to believe the climate crisis because it just appears to them to be false. In terms of “confirmation bias,” today’s social scientists tend to speak about this because the evidence of climate change disagree with current views and beliefs of humans, people debate about the evidence. Experiments have also shown that if climate change challenges and threats are redefined as incentives to build community partnerships and social progress, then those not in belief will change their opinions. All researches and studies have proved them wrong. 

Man has not come to a proper decision, but they could still claim many issues in confidence. CO2 blocks the sun’s heat throughout the atmosphere. A quantity of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere has been raised by man from natural community. Through burning fossil fuels, mankind has also boosted the quantity of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere by 50%. Much longer than humans existed, global climate change seems to have been steady. Natural climate change consists of gradually falling temperature over hundreds of thousands of years, then slowly rising over tens of thousands of years. The final conclusion will not be known until people start taking care of their environment to save their lives and understand that they are the reason to this. 

Nadine ElKhatib

180730

Climate Change Is An Exaggeration!

Introduction

“The world is going to end in 12 years if we don’t address climate change” Says Thunberg in her new book. “Around 2030 we will be in a position to set off an irreversible chain reaction beyond human control that will lead to the end of our civilization as we know it.” A debate on the real reasons around the climate change and the global warming previously took place. Some people claim that global warming and climate change takes place due to human activity, and some others believe that it has nothing to do with human activity. Scientists themselves make apocalyptic claims. “It’s difficult to see how we could accommodate a billion people or even half of that,” if Earth warms four degrees, said one earlier this year. “The potential for multi-breadbasket failure is increasing,” said another. If sea levels rise as much as the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change predicts, another scientist said, “It will be an unmanageable problem” (Shellenberger, 2019). The global warming that caused climate change took place naturally on Earth and it is not harmful as some people think, but others believe it is a human activity cause which is not true due to the scientific mechanisms of the atmospheric greenhouse effect  

First, climate change is not a “pollution” issue. In spite of the fact that the US Supreme Court decided in 2007 that the greenhouse gasses were lawfully an air poison, in other words, they are something totally different. The decrease of greenhouse gasses isn’t equivalent to the decrease of sulfur oxides, nitrogen oxides, carbon monoxide, or particulates. These types of pollution are man-made, they might harm, and they are the unintended waste products of industrial creation. In a perfect world, we might want to stop their production through the preparation of technical and economic resources. In any case, the greenhouse gas, carbon dioxide, is both regular and man-made. It was never harmful; it is a natural system and this is a natural part of it, and people do not wish to eliminate its production. It was never a serious harmful problem to be solved or a toxic gas; it is a completely endemic part of the society and who we are.  To a huge degree, it is an exceptionally attractive yield, as it relates with our way of life. Greenhouse gas emissions rise with a rise in a nation’s wealth, something all people want. To reduce carbon dioxide requires an alteration in nearly every facet of the economy, and therefore nearly every facet of our culture. To recognize greenhouse gases as a problem requires us to change a great deal about how we view the world and ourselves within it. And that leads to the second distinction ( Hoffman , 2012).

 It is true that climate has changed for natural reasons, mainly due to variations in the Earth’s orbit; but usually it happens slowly over thousands of years so animals and even early humans had a chance to evolve and adapt. “Another problem with natural cycles is that people look at too small a sample size,” says Mike. “A cold winter in the USA doesn’t disproveclimate change. Did you check to see how hot it was in Asia at the same time? We need to look globally and for longer than the last couple years we remember”

Refutation

The opposing claim believe that the current warming trend is of particular significance because most of it is extremely likely (greater than 95 percent probability) to be the result of human activity since the mid-20th century and proceeding at a rate that is unprecedented over decades to millennia and the increase in the greenhouse gasses is also a result of human activity (Global climate change, 2019). On the other hand, the basic mechanisms of the atmospheric ‘greenhouse effect’ are:

1. sunlight passes through the atmosphere and heats the Earth’s surface;
2. the heated surface then cools by emitting infrared radiation into the atmosphere;
3. Most of this radiation is absorbed by greenhouse gases in the atmosphere, some of which is re-radiated back towards the ground and some into space ( Damerell, Munroe, & Johnson, 2016).

Conclusion 

To sum up, The a dangerous atmospheric devotion that caused environmental change occurred normally on Earth, and it isn’t destructive as certain individuals might suspect; however, others think it is a human action cause which isn’t valid because of the logical systems of the greenhouse gas mechanism. 

Amira Azab

191417

Introduction:

Why climate change is such a hugely debatable topic? Well it is because it is due to the fact everyone is talking without facts supporting what they are saying for instance people would claim something yet never provide proof or evidence of what they are saying, the word “scientists” would be thrown around a lot when this topic is brought up yet no one creditable scientist name would be mentioned and like the researcher and author Michael Shellenberger said: “There is good evidence that the catastrophist framing of climate change is self-defeating because it alienates and polarizes many people. And exaggerating climate change risks distracting us from other important issues including ones we might have more near-term control over.” So this means that entire fuss about climate change is fake due some people trying to spread panic and chaos around by stating false information about achievable options we might have and staying people away from what true.

Why climate is a hoax?

On one hand, no reliable research organization has ever declared that climate change is far less threatening for the end of human beings by the fall of communities, for instance, that the source of information and rumors could not be trusted as there was no concrete evidence. In addition to that, how about plant loss claims, starvation and rapid death? That’s really just science fiction. Currently, humans generate sufficient edible material, about 25 percent more than they require for 10 billion citizens as well as scientific organizations expect a rise in this share rather than a decline. Crops are predicted to grow by 30 percent by 2050 via the United Nations Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO). But also it is predicted to rise between 80 and 90 percent for poorer regions of the planet, such as sub-Saharan Africa.

Is climate change real?

Increasing temperatures, are a major climate change sign, and it evaporates more water arising out of the ground, arid the soil, and make native vegetation so much more burnable. Wintertime freeze-thaw cycles gradually disappear around a month before their time, which implies that the trees become parched for extended periods. In the meantime, changeable weather conditions will push precipitation away from areas susceptible to burning, which researchers in California have observed and associated with human-creating ecosystems. Since water shortage and heat keep increasing emissions, we predict several forest fires in upcoming years, particularly with extended fire periods.

In response to that:

The deprivation caused by Forest fires can be clarified by rising proximity of residences of fire-prone lands. There is hardly any need to evoke any certain impacts. Therefore, even though climate change has performed a minor part in amplifying current wildfires, although we cannot seem to rule this out, the shifts in temperature simply overwhelm that no such impact on land danger. However though the wildfires are mainly caused by lack of rain, which is the ordinary in the United States.

Conclusion:

In conclusion, climate change is a very debatable topic and everyone has an opinion about it, however, only people who have reliable facts supported by credible scientists can have a stronger ground to stand on therefore everything should be double checked and provided as a proof of what is being stated, moreover, climate change can be easily be related any environmental issue that is happening yet most of the time it is overly exaggerated by the media therefore it leads people to believe in fiction which causes disturbance in the society and create unnecessarily panic and chaos in people. 

Enjy Nasser

185513